What requirements must be met before a child is classified as having an intellectual disability under IDEA?

A child must exhibit significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior to be classified as having an intellectual disability under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This classification is based on both cognitive abilities, such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning, and adaptive behavior, which refers to the child's capacity to perform everyday tasks and functions necessary for self-sufficiency.

The rationale behind this requirement is that an intellectual disability manifests not only as low intellectual functioning, typically characterized by an IQ score below a certain threshold (usually around 70), but also through challenges in adaptive behavior. Adaptive behavior includes skills needed for independence, such as communication, self-care, social skills, and daily living activities.

The other options presented do not align with the criteria set forth in IDEA for intellectual disabilities. Performing poorly in sports does not relate to intellectual functioning or adaptive skills. Physical disabilities, while they may occur alongside intellectual disabilities, are not a determining factor for the classification itself. Similarly, achieving below-average grades is not sufficient on its own to classify a child with an intellectual disability, as academic performance can vary for numerous reasons beyond intellectual capabilities. Thus, the comprehensive assessment of both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior is essential in the classification process under IDEA.