How does IDEA address the issue of over-identification and under-identification of disabilities?

The correct answer highlights how the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) emphasizes the importance of a multi-faceted approach to assessment in the identification of disabilities. Specifically, IDEA requires that schools utilize a variety of assessment methods rather than relying solely on a single standardized test. This approach is crucial in addressing over-identification, where students may be falsely labeled as having a disability, and under-identification, where students with actual disabilities may not receive the necessary services.

By mandating that multiple methods of evaluation are used, IDEA seeks to ensure a more accurate and holistic understanding of a student's needs. This may include observations, parent input, teacher assessments, and performance on a variety of tasks, all of which contribute to a well-rounded picture of the child's abilities and challenges. The established guidelines further support consistent and fair practices in identifying disabilities, helping to promote equity in special education services. This comprehensive assessment framework is vital for providing appropriate interventions and supports for students in need.